Results for 'Niels G. Https:'

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  1.  9
    Cognitio populi – Vox populi: Implications of science-related populism for communication behavior.Niels G. Mede, Mike S. Schäfer & Julia Metag - forthcoming - Communications.
    In many countries, science is challenged by science-related populism, which deems the common sense of “ordinary people” superior to the knowledge of “academic elites”. Individual support for science-related populism can be associated with people’s communication behavior: On the one hand, people who hold science-related populist attitudes may inform themselves differently about science; they may even be disconnected from societal discourse around science. On the other hand, they may communicate more actively on social media and in interpersonal conversations. We test this (...)
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  2.  21
    Individual differences in age preferences in mates.Niels G. Waller - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (3):578-581.
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  3.  22
    The non-significance of straw man arguments.Niels G. Waller & Wesley O. Johnson - 1998 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (2):226-227.
    We demonstrate that Statistical significance (Chow 1996) includes straw man arguments against (1) effect size, (2) meta-analysis, and (3) Bayesianism. We agree with the author that in experimental designs, H0 “is the effect of chance influences on the data-collection procedure . . . it says nothing about the substantive hypothesis or its logical complement” (Chow 1996, p. 41).
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  4.  31
    Information technology from a knowledge system perspective: Concepts and issues. [REVIEW]Niels G. Röling & Paul G. H. Engel - 1990 - Knowledge, Technology & Policy 3 (3):6-18.
    Studying knowledge utilization and related processes calls for a conceptual framework. We look at the actors that engage in these processes in a specific field of human activity, and the interfaces and linkages between them, as a Knowledge and Information System (KIS). Although this KIS perspective originates from agriculture it also can be applied to other knowledge domains. Evidence gathered shows that for a KIS to be effective the actors (e.g., researchers, extensionalists, and clients) must act synergically. This inspired us (...)
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  5.  14
    Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From?Niels Peter Lemche & William G. Dever - 2003 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 123 (4):888.
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  6.  13
    Südamerikanische Beiträge Zur Modernen Deutung der Aristotelischen Logik.Niels Öffenberger & Alejandro G. Vigo (eds.) - 1997 - G. Olms.
  7.  26
    Health‐related Research Ethics and Social Value: Antibiotic Resistance Intervention Research and Pragmatic Risks.Christian Munthe, Niels Nijsingh, Karl Fine Licht & D. G. Joakim Larsson - 2019 - Bioethics 33 (3):335-342.
    We consider the implications for the ethical evaluation of research programs of two fundamental changes in the revised research ethical guideline of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. The first is the extension of scope that follows from exchanging “biomedical” for “health‐related” research, and the second is the new evaluative basis of “social value,” which implies new ethical requirements of research. We use the example of antibiotic resistance interventions to explore the need to consider the instances of what (...)
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  8. Higher-level Knowledge, Rational and Social Levels Constraints of the Common Model of the Mind.Antonio Lieto, William G. Kennedy, Christian Lebiere, Oscar Romero, Niels Taatgen & Robert West - forthcoming - Procedia Computer Science.
    In his famous 1982 paper, Allen Newell [22, 23] introduced the notion of knowledge level to indicate a level of analysis, and prediction, of the rational behavior of a cognitive arti cial agent. This analysis concerns the investigation about the availability of the agent knowledge, in order to pursue its own goals, and is based on the so-called Rationality Principle (an assumption according to which "an agent will use the knowledge it has of its environment to achieve its goals" [22, (...)
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  9. Ansorge, Ulrich, 528 Arnel Trevena, Judy, 162, 308.Elisabeth Bacon, Clive G. Ballard, William P. Banks, James J. Barrell, John Barresi, Melissa R. Beck, Derek Besner, Uri Bibi, Niels Birbaumer & Mark Bishop - 2002 - Consciousness and Cognition 11:689-690.
     
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  10.  29
    Morphological priming survives a language switch.Rinus G. Verdonschot, Renee Middelburg, Saskia E. Lensink & Niels O. Schiller - 2012 - Cognition 124 (3):343-349.
  11.  7
    Logik, Naturphilosophie, Dialektik: neue internationale Beiträge zur modernen Deutung der Aristotelischen Logik.Niels Öffenberger & Alejandro G. Vigo (eds.) - 2014 - Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag.
    In diesem Band werden Beiträge gesammelt, die sich nicht nur auf rein formal logische Aspekte, sondern auch auf Probleme beziehen, die mit der Erkenntnistheorie, der Naturphilosophie und der Dialektik in Verbindung stehen. Iván de los Ríos Gutiérrez stellt die Aristotelische Kontingenzlehre dar. Miguel García-Valdecasas erörtert die wissenschaftstheoretischen Fundamente der Aristotelischen Nous-Lehre. Joseph Li Vecchi entwickelt ein formales Modell für Inferenzen, die auf der Grundlage von analogischen Verhältnissen basieren. Niels Öffenberger charakterisiert die abgeleiteten Wahrheitswerte, die sich durch die Dichotomie der (...)
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  12.  24
    The Ethics of Antibiotic Resistance: Towards an Agenda for Feasible and Justified Global Health Policy.Christian Munthe, Niels Nijsingh, Karl de Fine Licht & D. G. Joakim Larsson - 2019 - Bioethics 33 (7):731-733.
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  13.  16
    Semantic context effects when naming Japanese kanji, but not Chinese hànzì.Rinus G. Verdonschot, Wido La Heij & Niels O. Schiller - 2010 - Cognition 115 (3):512-518.
  14. "Philosophiske forsøg" og andre skrifter.Niels Treschow - 1966 - Oslo,: Tanum. Edited by A. H. Winsnes.
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  15.  40
    Spirituality and Health.Arndt Büssing, Klaus Baumann, Niels Christian Hvidt, Harold G. Koenig, Christina M. Puchalski & John Swinton - unknown
  16. Norm Conflicts and Epistemic Modals.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen & John Cantwell - 2023 - Cognitive Psychology 145 (101591):1-30.
    Statements containing epistemic modals (e.g., “by spring 2023 most European countries may have the Covid-19 pandemic under control”) are common expressions of epistemic uncertainty. In this paper, previous published findings (Knobe & Yalcin, 2014; Khoo & Phillips, 2018) on the opposition between Contextualism and Relativism for epistemic modals are re-examined. It is found that these findings contain a substantial degree of individual variation. To investigate whether participants differ in their interpretation of epistemic modals, an experiment with multiple phases and sessions (...)
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  17.  27
    Morphological priming during language switching: an ERP study.Saskia E. Lensink, Rinus G. Verdonschot & Niels O. Schiller - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  18.  44
    Christliche Theologie.John Hennig, Ernst Offner, Julius Gross, Georg Franz-Willing, Schalom Ben-Chorin, Gustav Mensching, F. W. Kantzenbach, Michael Thomas, Niels-Peter Moritzen, Hans G. Klemm & Gerhard Müller - 1975 - Zeitschrift für Religions- Und Geistesgeschichte 27 (1-4):256-268.
  19.  60
    Some notes on priming, alignment, and self-monitoring.Niels O. Schiller & Jan Peter de Ruiter - 2004 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 (2):208-209.
    Any complete theory of speaking must take the dialogical function of language use into account. Pickering & Garrod (P&G) make some progress on this point. However, we question whether their interactive alignment model is the optimal approach. In this commentary, we specifically criticize (1) their notion of alignment being implemented through priming, and (2) their claim that self-monitoring can occur at all levels of linguistic representation.
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  20. On the Notions of Rulegenerating & Anticipatory Systems.Niels Ole Finnemann - 1997 - Online Publication on Conference Site - Which Does Not Exist Any More.
    Until the late 19th century scientists almost always assumed that the world could be described as a rule-based and hence deterministic system or as a set of such systems. The assumption is maintained in many 20th century theories although it has also been doubted because of the breakthrough of statistical theories in thermodynamics (Boltzmann and Gibbs) and other fields, unsolved questions in quantum mechanics as well as several theories forwarded within the social sciences. Until recently it has furthermore been assumed (...)
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  21. Indicatives, Subjunctives, and the Falsity of the Antecedent.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen & Peter Collins - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (11):e13058.
    It is widely held that there are important differences between indicative conditionals (e.g. “If the authors are linguists, they have written a linguistics paper”) and subjunctive conditionals (e.g. “If the authors had been linguists, they would have written a linguistics paper”). A central difference is that indicatives and subjunctives convey different stances towards the truth of their antecedents. Indicatives (often) convey neutrality: for example, about whether the authors in question are linguists. Subjunctives (often) convey the falsity of the antecedent: for (...)
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  22. The Dialogical Entailment Task.Niels Skovgaard-Olsen - 2019 - Cognition (C):104010.
    In this paper, a critical discussion is made of the role of entailments in the so-called New Paradigm of psychology of reasoning based on Bayesian models of rationality (Elqayam & Over, 2013). It is argued that assessments of probabilistic coherence cannot stand on their own, but that they need to be integrated with empirical studies of intuitive entailment judgments. This need is motivated not just by the requirements of probability theory itself, but also by a need to enhance the interdisciplinary (...)
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  23.  2
    Niels bohr et la théorie de la connaissance.G. Koursanov - 1972 - Revue de Synthèse 93 (67-68):233-244.
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  24. Trolleys, triage and Covid-19: the role of psychological realism in sacrificial dilemmas.Markus Https://Orcidorg Kneer & Ivar R. Https://orcidorg357X Hannikainen - 2022 - Cognition and Emotion 36 (1):137-153.
    At the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, frontline medical professionals at intensive care units around the world faced gruesome decisions about how to ration life-saving medical resources. These events provided a unique lens through which to understand how the public reasons about real-world dilemmas involving trade-offs between human lives. In three studies (total N = 2298), we examined people’s moral attitudes toward the triage of acute coronavirus patients, and found elevated support for utilitarian triage policies. These utilitarian tendencies did not (...)
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  25. Refusing the COVID-19 vaccine: What’s wrong with that?Anne Https://Orcidorg Meylan & Sebastian Https://Orcidorg Schmidt - 2023 - Philosophical Psychology 36 (6):1102-1124.
    COVID-19 vaccine refusal seems like a paradigm case of irrationality. Vaccines are supposed to be the best way to get us out of the COVID-19 pandemic. And yet many people believe that they should not be vaccinated even though they are dissatisfied with the current situation. In this paper, we analyze COVID-19 vaccine refusal with the tools of contemporary philosophical theories of responsibility and rationality. The main outcome of this analysis is that many vaccine-refusers are responsible for the belief that (...)
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  26. Contextualism vs. Relativism: More empirical data.Markus Https://Orcidorg Kneer - 2022 - In Jeremy Wyatt, Julia Zakkou & Dan Zeman (eds.), Perspectives on Taste. Routledge.
    Contextualism is the view that the extension of perspectival claims (involving e.g. predicates of personal taste or epistemic modals) depends on the context of utterance. Relativism is the view that the extension of perspectival claims depends on the context of assessment. Both views make concrete, empirically testable predictions about how such claims are used by ordinary English language speakers. This chapter surveys some of the recent empirical literature on the topic and presents four new experiments (total N=724). Consistent with contextualism (...)
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  27. The Standing To Blame, or Why Moral Disapproval Is What It Is.Stefan Https://Orcidorg Riedener - 2019 - Dialectica 73 (1-2):183-210.
    Intuitively, we lack the standing to blame others in light of moral norms that we ourselves don't take seriously: if Adam is unrepentantly aggressive, say, he lacks the standing to blame Celia for her aggressiveness. But why does blame have this feature? Existing proposals try to explain this by reference to specific principles of normative ethics – e.g. to rule‐consequentialist considerations, to the wrongness of hypocritical blame, or principles of rights‐forfeiture based on this wrongness. In this paper, I suggest a (...)
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  28. Can a Robot Lie? Exploring the Folk Concept of Lying as Applied to Artificial Agents.Markus Https://Orcidorg Kneer - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (10):e13032.
    The potential capacity for robots to deceive has received considerable attention recently. Many papers explore the technical possibility for a robot to engage in deception for beneficial purposes (e.g., in education or health). In this short experimental paper, I focus on a more paradigmatic case: robot lying (lying being the textbook example of deception) for nonbeneficial purposes as judged from the human point of view. More precisely, I present an empirical experiment that investigates the following three questions: (a) Are ordinary (...)
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  29. Knowing and Doing.Niels van Miltenburg - manuscript
     
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  30.  33
    Value-impregnated factual claims may undermine medical decision-making.Niels Lynøe, Gert Helgesson & Niklas Juth - 2018 - Clinical Ethics 13 (3):151-158.
    Clinical decisions are expected to be based on factual evidence and official values derived from healthcare law and soft laws such as regulations and guidelines. But sometimes personal values instead influence clinical decisions. One way in which personal values may influence medical decision-making is by their affecting factual claims or assumptions made by healthcare providers. Such influence, which we call ‘value-impregnation,’ may be concealed to all concerned stakeholders. We suggest as a hypothesis that healthcare providers’ decision making is sometimes affected (...)
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  31.  3
    Review: B. McGuinness/G.H. von Wright (eds.): Ludwig Wittgenstein: Cambridge Letters. [REVIEW]Hans Johann Https://Orcidorg909X Glock - 1999 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 7 (1):132-135.
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  32.  8
    Review: B. McGuinness/G.H. von Wright (eds.): Ludwig Wittgenstein: Cambridge Letters. [REVIEW]Hans Johann Https://Orcidorg909X Glock - 1999 - International Journal of Philosophical Studies 7:132-135.
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  33.  37
    A liberal theory of externalities?Carl David Https://Orcidorg191X Mildenberger - 2018 - Philosophical Studies 175 (9):2105-2123.
    Unlike exploitative exchanges, exchanges featuring externalities have never seemed to pose particular problems to liberal theories of justice. State interference with exchanges featuring externalities seems permissible, like it is for coercive or deceptive exchanges. This is because exchanges featuring negative externalities seem to be clear cases of the two exchanging parties harming a third one via the exchange—and thus of conduct violating the harm principle. This essay aims to put this idea into question. I will argue that exchanges featuring negative (...)
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  34. Practical Knowledge and Foreseen Side Effects.Niels Van Miltenburg - 2011 - Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy (1):1-7.
    On Anscombe's view, intentional actions are characterized by a specific type of knowledge (practical knowledge) possessed by the agents that perform them. Recently, interest in Anscombean action theory has been renewed. Sarah Paul argues that Anscombean action theory faces a serious problem: It fails to discriminate between an action’s intended aim or purpose and its foreseen side effects. Since Anscombeans conceive practical knowledge as the formal cause of intentional actions, Paul dubs this a problem of “deviant formal causation.” In this (...)
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  35.  62
    The concept of vocational education.G. I. Wall - 1968 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 2 (1):51–65.
    G I Wall; The Concept of Vocational Education, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 2, Issue 1, 30 May 2006, Pages 51–65, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9.
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  36. Trolleys, Triage and Covid-19: The Role of Psychological Realism in Sacrificial Dilemmas.Markus Https://Orcidorg Kneer & Ivar R. Https://orcidorg357X Hannikainen - 2021 - Cognition and Emotion 8.
    At the height of the Covid-19 pandemic, frontline medical professionals at intensive care units around the world faced gruesome decisions about how to ration life-saving medical resources. These events provided a unique lens through which to understand how the public reasons about real-world dilemmas involving trade-offs between human lives. In three studies (total N = 2298), we examined people’s moral attitudes toward triage of acute coronavirus patients, and found elevated support for utilitarian triage policies. These utilitarian tendencies did not stem (...)
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  37.  39
    Preventing moral conflicts in patient care: Insights from a mixed-methods study with clinical experts.Jan Https://Orcidorg Schürmann, Gabriele Vaitaityte & Stella Reiter-Theil - 2023 - Clinical Ethics 18 (1):75-87.
    Background and aim Healthcare professionals are regularly exposed to moral challenges in patient care potentially compromising quality of care and safety of patients. Preventive clinical ethics support aims to identify and address moral problems in patient care at an early stage of their development. This study investigates the occurrence, risk factors, early indicators, decision parameters, consequences and preventive measures of moral problems. Method Semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with 20 interprofessional healthcare professionals from 2 university hospitals in Basel, Switzerland. A (...)
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  38.  48
    Linguistic Rules.G. C. J. Midgley - 1959 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 59:271 - 290.
    G. C. J. Midgley; XIV—Linguistic Rules, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 59, Issue 1, 1 June 1959, Pages 271–290, https://doi.org/10.1093/aristot.
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  39.  6
    Addressing the Diversity of Risks and Accounting for Systemic Risks: Two Proposals for Improving Clarity in Philosophical Discussions of Risk.Friedemann Https://Orcidorg Bieber - 2018 - .
    The lack of engagement of philosophy with decisions made under conditions of risk and uncertainty has lately received increasing attention. But philosophers have devoted little thought to the development of a conceptual framework for distinguishing different types of risks. This article begins by illustrating the need for a more nuanced conceptual framework. As the normative considerations risks give rise to are highly varied, ethicists need to distinguish between different types of risks. It then offers two ideas. First, it proposes that (...)
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  40.  62
    Is Multiculturalism Discriminatory?Bouke Https://Orcidorg de Vries - 2020 - Res Publica 26 (2):201-214.
    Many political theorists are multiculturalists. They believe that states ought to support and accommodate minority cultures, even if they disagree about when such support and accommodations are due and what forms they should take. In this contribution, I argue that multiculturalists have failed to notice an important objection against a wide range of multiculturalism policies. This objection is predicated on the notion that when states support and accommodate minority cultures, they should support and accommodate many subcultures and individualistic conceptions of (...)
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  41. Can Truthmaker Theorists Claim Ontological Free Lunches?Peter Https://Orcidorg288X Schulte - 2011 - European Journal of Philosophy 22 (2):249-268.
    Truthmaker theorists hold that propositions about higher-level entities (e.g. the proposition that there is a heap of sand) are often made true by lower-level entities (e.g. by facts about the configuration of fundamental particles). This generates a problem: what should we say about these higher-level entities? On the one hand, they must exist (since there are true propositions about them), on the other hand, it seems that they are completely superfluous and should be banished for reasons of ontological parsimony. Some (...)
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  42.  32
    Keeping Out Extremists: Refugees, Would‐Be Immigrants, and Ideological Exclusion.Bouke Https://Orcidorg de Vries - 2020 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 37 (5):746-763.
    Many people want to live in liberal democracies because they are liberal and democratic. Yet it would be mistaken, indeed naive, to assume that this applies to all would-be residents. Just as some inhabitants of liberal democracies oppose one or more fundamental liberal-democratic values and principles, so there are foreign would-be residents who do so, who might include individuals with e.g. Jihadist, Neo-Nazi, and radical anarchist views. Proceeding on the assumption that there exists no unconditional moral right to immigrate, this (...)
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  43.  12
    The Concept of Vocational Education.G. I. Wall - 1968 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 2 (1):51-65.
    G I Wall; The Concept of Vocational Education, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 2, Issue 1, 30 May 2006, Pages 51–65, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9.
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  44.  9
    Education.G. Langford - 1968 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 2 (1):31-41.
    G Langford; Education, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 2, Issue 1, 30 May 2006, Pages 31–41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.1968.tb00442.x.
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  45.  15
    Conceptual analysis and education.G. Reddiford - 1972 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 6 (2):193–215.
    G Reddiford; Conceptual Analysis and Education, Journal of Philosophy of Education, Volume 6, Issue 2, 30 May 2006, Pages 193–215, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.146.
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  46. Aristotelian Pleasures.G. E. L. Owen - 1972 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 72:135 - 152.
    G. E. L. Owen; VIII*—Aristotelian Pleasures, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 72, Issue 1, 1 June 1972, Pages 135–152, https://doi.org/10.1093/ar.
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  47.  10
    Feasibility and Safety of Bilateral Hybrid EEG/EOG Brain/Neural–Machine Interaction.Marius Nann, Niels Peekhaus, Cornelius Angerhöfer & Surjo R. Soekadar - 2020 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
    Cervical spinal cord injuries often lead to loss of motor function in both hands and legs, limiting autonomy and quality of life. While it was shown that unilateral hand function can be restored after SCI using a hybrid electroencephalography/electrooculography brain/neural hand exoskeleton, it remained unclear whether such hybrid paradigm also could be used for operating two hand exoskeletons, e.g., in the context of bimanual tasks such as eating with fork and knife. To test whether EEG/EOG signals allow for fluent and (...)
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  48.  16
    [Inline-graphic xmlns: Xlink=" http://Www. W3. org/1999/xlink" xlink: Href=" 01i"/] secunda, questio secunda:(Cod. Vat. lat. 1106, F. 85r) utrum sit demonstrabile deum esse causam primam. [REVIEW]G. Gedeon - 1998 - Franciscan Studies 56 (1):119-151.
  49.  17
    Testimonial Injustice and Prediction Markets.Carl David Https://Orcidorg191X Mildenberger - 2022 - Social Epistemology 36 (3):378-392.
    This essay argues that prediction markets, as one approach for aggregating dispersed private information, may not only be praised for their epistemic accuracy. They also feature characteristics that are morally desirable from the point of view of epistemic justice. Notably, they are a promising approach when we are trying to address testimonial injustice. The impersonality of market transactions effectively tackles the issue of identity prejudice, which underlies many forms of testimonial injustice. This is not to say that prediction markets do (...)
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  50.  19
    Agent-Democratic Markets.Carl David Https://Orcidorg191X Mildenberger - 2020 - Kriterion - Journal of Philosophy 34 (2):1-32.
    This essay examines a new way to exercise democratic control over the market. Instead of a democratic government interfering with a market’s outcomes (e.g. via taxes or minimum wages), we may also “democratize” the market by requiring that all relevant group agents who participate in that market (notably: firms) be democratically governed. This is what I call an agent-democratic market. The purpose of this essay is to argue for the claim that agent-democratic markets are a normatively viable way to democratize (...)
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